This course discusses various bio-refining processes, placing emphasis on fundamental process chemistry and biology in the conversion of biomass to engineered products. Pathways for the use of wood resources are described in detail; exemplary processes, such as gasification, pyrolysis, pre-extraction and bio-diesel production are discussed. Industrial fermentation, including sugar fermentation to produce ethanol, will be explored. The modeling concept for integrated pulp manufacturing and bio-refining will also be discussed.